![]() ![]() The years following Hurricane Maria brought a mix of public and private efforts to improve the country's electrical infrastructure. ![]() What was done to fix the electric grid after Hurricane Maria? PREPA had issued bonds to finance the energy grid, but could not pay them back. Months before Maria, PREPA had declared bankruptcy, citing a $9 billion debt load. The hurricane's impact prompted sharp scrutiny of the public utility in charge of the power grid - the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA). "The system is old and it's undermaintained," Sanzillo said. As the economy in Puerto Rico weakened in the 2000s, the maintenance budget shrank and what has been deemed mismanagement exacerbated the shortfall, he added. The electricity infrastructure had shown signs of fragility even before Maria, said Sanzillo. It took 328 days, or roughly 11 months, for the island to restore power to all of the customers who lost it during the hurricane, which marked the longest blackout in U.S. ![]() When Hurricane Maria made landfall on Puerto Rico, in September 2017, the storm devastated the island's electricity grid. Here's what you need to know about Puerto Rico's power grid and why it remains fragile: Didn't a power outage happen five years ago with Hurricane Maria? "It's beyond belief how bad the system is." 10(9): 1386-."Outages have been occurring for one reason or another," Tom Sanzillo, the director of financial analysis for think tank the Institute of Energy and Economics and Financial Analysis, told ABC News. Caribbean: Disturbance Forces, Variation of Effects, and Implications for Future Storms. Van Beusekom, Ashley lvarez-Berr os, Nora Gould, William Qui ones, Maya Gonz lez, Grizelle. This study showed the utility of simple hurricane force calculations connected with landscape characteristics and remote-sensing data to determine forest susceptibility to hurricane effects. While intensity of the storm makes by far the largest scenario difference, forest fragmentation makes a sizable difference especially in vulnerable areas of high clay content or high wind susceptibility. Four experiments with parameters from previous storms of wind speed, storm duration, rainfall, and forest structure over the same storm path and topographic landscape were run as examples of possible future scenarios. Caribbean had 34% of its area and 52% of the LEF area with a landslide density of at least one in 1 km2 from Hurricane Maria. The model of landslide occurrence had a pseudo R2 of 0.53 and showed the U.S. More greenness disturbance was seen in areas with less wind sheltering, higher elevation and topographic sides. Caribbean lost 31% of its initial greenness from the hurricane, with 51% lost from the initial in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) from Hurricane Maria along with Hurricane Irma. The model of greenness loss had a pseudo R2 of 0.73 and showed the U.S. ![]() For the landslide occurrence model, the hurricane force was rain, the disturbance-propensity measure was amount of land slope, and the third landscape characteristic was soil clay content. For the greenness loss model, the hurricane force was wind, the disturbance-propensity measure was initial greenness, and the third landscape characteristic was fraction forest cover. In each model, one of these characteristics was forest fragmentation, and another was a measure of disturbance-propensity. A generalized linear model was made for each kind of effect, using idealized maps of the hurricane forces, along with three landscape characteristics that were significantly associated. The vegetation index is a measure of canopy ‘greenness’, a combination of leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, canopy cover and structure. Caribbean was used to study the causes of remotely-sensed spatial variation in the effects of (1) vegetation index loss and (2) landslide occurrence. The impact of Hurricane Maria on the U.S. ![]()
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